xafirrah's Hoodstars

Monday, November 30, 2009

Mon, 30 Nov 2009 16:55:50 GMT

Hit Radio invites you to visit these premises.

Hit Radio is one of the first private radio station in Morocco.

His program is intended for the young generation Moroccan.

Friday, June 19, 2009

Fri, 19 Jun 2009 10:31:16 GMT

Monday, June 08, 2009

Mon, 08 Jun 2009 22:25:28 GMT

Cha3bi	Mohamed el Marrakchi	Pinhas
Najat Atabou	Said Senhaji	Daoudi
Hajib	Khalid Bennani	Botola
Jedwane	Nass El Ghiwan	El Aasri
Mostapha Borgogne	Stati	Bhiri
Fatna Bent LHoucine	Said wuld lhouat	Tahour
Khalid el Aouni	Kamal Abdi	Abas
Orchestre Jamila	Haj Abdelmoughit	Mohamed Driochi
Zina Daoudia	Abderrahim Souiri	Rachid Mrini
Karim Slaoui	Itab	Botbol
Statia	Naima Samih	Abdelhadi Belkhayat
Abdelali Doukali	Hamid el Mardi	Siham Groupe
Hajja Hamdaouia

Fnaire	H-Kayn	Bigg
Tears of Mic	Rap Marocain	Fez City Clan
RaiRap	Lord Aminos	Scarface
MC4	Africa Nayda	DeepMan
Muslim	Rap2Top	Casa Crew
G-Nerap	Jo	The Authors
Flow Man	HMK Flow	Dr.Slimz
Rapologya	Bad Mic	Mcs-Tragedy
Amine El Kayssar	Casa System	B-Click
Black Rock	Shabka	Steph Ragga Man
The Gangsters	OneVoiz	Chaht Man
Derb lFunk	Big Yass	Nhass
Death Rap	Jackpot	Moroccan Eyes
Voysaga	Cheb Abdel	Rime Fire Crew
Mc Hkh	Allinda	Syouf Ljamra
Safi Flow	Men Gaal	Dinasty
Harage	Rass derb	Dj Imad

Rizki	Bilal	Khaled
Amine	Faudel	Cheb Mami
Mohamed Ray	Cheb Hasni	Said Moskir
Douzi	Reda Taliani	Cheb Nasro
Cheba Nabila	Cheb Rachid	Cheba Nassira
Riahi	Titou	Amrou
Djalti	Rai Divers	Cheb Jalal
Fatin	Mohamed Junior	Zarouki
Said Rami	Chebba Khaira	Rayan
Zahouania	Cheb Naoufal	Raina Rai
Cheb Hatim	Cheba Manar	Hamid Bouchnak
Cheb Ghouy	Symehdi	Salim Lahbib
Cheb Layn	Adil el Miloudi	Mohamed Lamine
Cheb Samir	Monsif Ray	Tarik Lamirat

Chr9i	Youssef Omani	Wael Jassar
Rami Ayash	Pascal Mach3alani	Star Academy Libanaise
Saber Roba3i	Housine aljasmi	Cyrine
Amr Diab	Rached al Majed	Nancy Ajram
Samira Said	Fayrouz	Amal Hejazy
Asy El Helani	Amal Wahbe	Angham
Ahlam	Amer Monib	Wael Kaffouri
Haifa Wahby	Tamer Housni	Asalah Nasri
Nawal Zoghbi	Meryam Fares	Hamada Hilal
Georges Wassouf	Hasna	Nabil Chou3ail
Zizi Adel	Elissa	Fadel Shaker
Ahmed Adaweya	Ahmed Sherif	Ragheb Alama
Sabah Fakhri	Shirine	Majed el Mohandes
Abdelhalim Hafed	Kadem Saher	Mostapha Amar
Carole Samaha	Asma Mnawar	Shahed Barmada
Rowaida attia	Diana Karazon	Yara
Tamer Achour	Melhem Zein	Diana Haddad
Bahaa Kafi	Bashar el Shaty	Darine Hadchity
Najwa Karam	Jannat

Hoba Hoba Spirit	Darga	Saraab
Khansa Batma	Argan	Gnawa Storm
Akkaf	Said Bey	Mazagan
Ayden	Barry	Saida Fikri
Hanafi	Amir Ali	Sahara Generation
Klma	Manar	Adil Barouk
Empire Isis	Wazou	Nouri
Oum

Rwicha	Takfarinas	Amazigh
Ait L3ti	Amouri Mbark

Dj Tiesto	Lara fabian	Shakira
Francais	Latino	Techno
Gharbi Divers	Akon	Massari
MBS	Gipsy Kings	Rihanna
Mondotek	Tecktonik	Michael Jackson
50 Cent	Justin Timberlake	Amy Winehouse
Matt Pokora	Avril Lavigne	Bob Marley
House	Eminem	Bob Sinclar
David Vendetta	Dj Katif

Mp3 Lhbal	Chansons du Taraji	Chansons du Wydad
Chansons du Raja	Rire a la Marocaine	Chansons du Mouloudia Alger
Chansons de OC de Safi	Chansons USMA Alger	Chansons de l Etoile du Sahel
Chansons des FAR Rabat	Chansons du Maghreb de Fes	Chansons du KACM
Chansons du Club Sfaxien

Swi9a DJ	Sami Yussuf	Marocains
Autre Djs	Lotfi Double kanon	Autres
Gnawa	Sharukhan	Dj Mot
Dj Youssef	Coran Sudaisi	Miami
Ftg Records	Abdelwahab Doukali	Jil Jilala
DJ Cosovo	Soltan Gnawa	Dj Sacha
Dj Giorgi Rico	Jaloul Ayed	Big dox
Habiba	Rabat City Rap	Nastrou
Tiraline	Ayak	Aadnan El Khaldi
Bahjawa Flow	Bestmen's	Cosa Nostra
M-snoop	L'artiste

M-Sif	Rap Mc Moss	Bohfid
3awd Lil	Wlad Lhouma	Styleboss
Emeboy	Jnoon Rap	Zaak

Saturday, January 03, 2009

Sat, 03 Jan 2009 23:43:41 GMT

Marrakech was founded in the year 1062 (year 454 of the Hegira), by Yusuf Ibn Tasufin, first ruler of the dynasty Almoravid. The name comes from the Berber Marrakesh "Love"

which means "country" and "Akouche" which means "god"

giving the land of god or the holy land. Another etymology given, from the dialect tifinach, interpretation of "rangeland" [2] Very quickly, in Marrakech, under the leadership of the Almoravids, pious and austere, many mosques and madrasas (Koranic schools of Theology) were constructed, and a commercial center for the Maghreb and black Africa. Marrakech is growing rapidly establishing himself as a cultural and religious influence, the walls are also built to protect the city. She becomes the nucleus, the capital of the Almoravids. The city was then fortified by the son of Yusuf Ibn Tasufin Ali Ben Youssef, the construction of walls for several kilometers, the city's architecture was influenced by Fes, the capital founded by Idris I, and Muslim Spain . Both cities are culturally rich, Architectural Morocco, but also of the Arab / Muslim it is they who have inspired Al Andalus, which had spilled in the Arab World. In 1147, the Almohad supporters of orthodox Islam seized the city walls, past Almoravids exterminated almost all the monuments destroyed. The Almohad built many palaces and religious buildings, such as the famous Koutoubia mosque built on the ruins of a palace Almoravid. To feed the palm trees and large gardens, an irrigation system was upgraded. Marrakech, by cultural influence attracted many writers and artists, especially from Andalusia. In 1269, Marrakech was conquered by nomadic Merinid the expense of the last Almohad. Occurs when the advent of Marinid dynasty, Marrakesh then fell into a lethargy, and its decline resulted in the loss of its status as capital for the benefit of his great rival, Fez. In the early sixteenth century, Marrakech becomes the capital of the kingdom, quickly reached its peak, in particular through Saadien Sultan Mohammed El Mahdi. By the fortune amassed by the Sultans, Marrakech was embellished monuments ruined and then restored with sumptuous palaces built. The palace built by the Saadians the Badi is a replica of the Alhambra, conducted with the most precious materials from Italy, Sudan, India and even China. A protocol based on the sumptuous Topkapi Istanbul is applied. Despite their opposition to the Turks, Saadians are attracted by the Ottoman civilization. A vestige of this influence lies in the name of the neighborhood Derb Dabachi, which derives the term "ogdabachi" and designate a senior officer in the Ottoman military hierarchy. Marrakech will again lose its status as capital. At the end of the seventeenth century, now succeeded to the Alawite dynasty Saadians. The throne is successively moved to Fez and Meknes, new imperial city. In the early twentieth century, Marrakech knows few years of civil war. In 1912, the establishment of French protectorate in Morocco put an end to this anarchy. In 1956, the return from exile of King Mohammed V will be celebrated in Marrakech and in the rest of the country.

The city "Fez Medina" was founded [3] by Idris 1st in 789 to replace the current district of Andalus. In 808, Idris II founded "al-Aliya" on the other side of the Oued Fez. Al Aliya develops quickly and becomes a real city with mosques, palaces and kisariya (hall, market). The vital water sources around Fez, which even before its foundation was known and praised in song, has undoubtedly been an important criterion when selecting the location for the future metropolis. The following developments are due to two successive waves of emigration from 817 to 818 move into the city founded by Idris I, nearly 800 families evicted by the Andalusian Umayyads of the Spanish city of Cordoba. Shortly after about 2 000 families banished from Kairouan (fleeing persecution Aghlabid) installed on the opposite bank. The mosque-university "Quaraouiyine" founded in the ninth century became one of the spiritual and cultural centers of the most important time. His influence is felt even in the schools of Islamic Spain and beyond to Europe and is known for being the oldest university in the world. Newcomers bring with them both a technical expertise and craft a long experience of city life. Under their leadership, Fez is an important cultural center and after the founding of the university mosque Quaraouiyine the religious heart of the Maghreb. Fez is a particularly advantageous location at the crossroads of important trade routes in the heart of a region naturally generous with valuable raw materials for handicrafts (stone, wood, clay). This allows it to grow very rapidly. Fez is particularly on the caravan route from the Mediterranean to the Black Africa through the great commercial city Sijilmassa (extinct in the seventeenth century) in the region Tafilalt.

For the tenth and eleventh centuries, the city of Fez is taken by Maghrawa. It will be the scene of battle between the tribes and Banu Zenetes Maghrawa Ifran for its governance. [4]

The two parts of the city are united in the Middle Ages in 1069, destroying the wall that separated them. Fez loses its role of capital with the founding of Marrakech and Tlemcen by the Almoravids dynasty in the eleventh century but resumed in 1250 with the Marinids. Under their reign, the new city El Medinet El-Beida (White City) was founded in 1276 and is equipped with walls, palaces and gardens. It is quickly known as Fez Djedid (New Fez) in contrast to Fez el Bali (Old Town). The Jewish population was around the palace is forced to leave and Mellah (Jewish quarter) is formed in the old quarter of the Syrian garrison archers. In the early fourteenth century (height of the Hispano-Moorish art), the city is experiencing strong growth. The university is Quaraouiyine then known world. Thanks for caravans up to Bedi port in the Rif, Fez is permanently linked to Islamic Spain and Europe. In 1471, the city fell to the Beni Wattas dynasty which founded the kingdom of Fez.

In 1522, Fez is suffering from an earthquake that destroyed the city in part. In subsequent years, many buildings were rebuilt, restored or replaced with new ones. Dynasty Saadians took the city in 1554 but chose Marrakech as their capital. At the end of the seventeenth century with the beginnings of the Alawite dynasty, Moulay Ismail Meknes chosen as the new capital. It installs in Fez part Udaya clan who had helped him win power. After his death (1727), the Udai revolt, they will be expelled from the city in 1833 by Abd al-Rahman. Moulay Abdallah's successor, Moulay Ismail, is Fez's place of residence and is renovating or building mosques, schools (madrassas), bridges and streets, the streets of Fez Djedid are paved.

In the nineteenth century, the two former parts of the city are related to new buildings as the palace bouloudjoubou. Until the beginning of the protectorate in 1912, Fez is the capital of Morocco.

Fez is the Treaty of French and Spanish protectorate (to the north and the Sahara Occidental) is signed May 30, 1912. Less than three weeks after the signing, riots broke out in the city. Rabat is officially declared capital of Morocco, Fez remains a major royal residence and a cultural center, crafts, commercial but also political. The Istiqlal (Independence Party) is established in Fez by Allal El Fassi. Many initiatives to drive the occupying French leave from Fez. In 1944, wrote the manifesto for independence in a house in the old medina, now Place de l'Istiqlal. The city will be riots in the 1980s and early 1990s.

Editor Lyautey and the plans of the architect Henri Prost, a new town developed in the vicinity of Dar Debibagh south of Fez Djedid. If it was initially the residential area of Europe, the new town continued to develop as a modern Arab city with new neighborhoods of villas. The authorities, institutions and service companies settled there.

According to tradition, after the founding of Carthage in 814 BC. BC Punic traders headed for the far West, to Essaouira, to install ladders, counters. The first men on whom there is information there spoke a Berber language. Therefore Essaouira, this anchorage used by Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator from the sixth century BC. AD, protected from winds and high in water, served for several centuries outpost on the Cape Verde and Ecuador. By the third century BC. BC, Berbers formed themselves into a monarchy. The region came under Roman influence after the Third Punic War in 146 BC. AD. Rome was a client state of that kingdom whose ruler was the most illustrious Juba II. The king favored the installation crew and the development of the meat-packing industry and purple. This second activity (production of dye from a shell: the murex) explains Fame Purpuraires Islands (off of Essaouira) until the end of the Roman Empire. This color, with the ancients, was synonymous with high social rank. In 42 AD. AD, Rome finally annex the Berber kingdom to convert it into a Roman province of Mauretania Tingitane. In the fourteenth century, Portuguese sailors measure all the benefits of this bay and christened the town Mogador, deformation probably named Sidi Mogdoul a local marabout. The Portuguese made the city an important trading post. In 1506, they built a small port and several walls. This would give the city its specific configuration. A fortress so useful that mitigated its vulnerability due to its excessive exposure. The Portuguese at the time encouraged the intensive use of cane sugar. The Jews have a special status as intermediaries between the Sultan and the foreign powers, forced to install Essaouira a consular house (there were even ten in the Kasbah). They are called "merchants of the king" or "consular". They have, for example, a monopoly on wheat sales to Christians, it is forbidden to Muslims.

In 1764, Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah decided to install Essaouira its naval base, where the pirates will punish the inhabitants of Agadir in revolt against his authority. He appealed to Theodore Cornut, a French architect in the pay of British Gibraltar. The Sultan received him with all the honors due to a great artist and entrusted the implementation of the new city "in the middle of the sand and wind, where there was nothing." Cornut the Avignon, a disciple of Vauban, who had been employed by Louis XV to the construction of fortifications of Roussillon, worked three years to build the port and the Kasbah, whose original plan is preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France in Paris . It seems that the second ramparts and Medina were drawn well after the departure of Cornut. The Sultan had wished to extend their partnership, accusing the French of being too expensive and have worked for the British enemy. With a very regular plan, the city deserves its current name Es Saouira, which means "the Well-Designed". The importance of Essaouira has continued to grow until the early nineteenth century, the city experienced a tremendous prosperity through the large Jewish community. It counted up to 17 000 Jews to just 10 000 Muslims. The Moroccan bourgeoisie flocked to buy jewelry. It has long been nicknamed the port of Timbuktu, as the caravans laden with gold, spices and slaves from Africa were traded Saharan. Trade was flourishing. But most Jews left after the Six Day War. Today, there remain a few Jewish families in the city. For years, this was the only Moroccan port opened to foreign trade. The decline began with the French protectorate and the development of other ports (Casablanca, Tangier, Agadir). Hampered by its shallow waters and can not accommodate large modern ships, however the city is a spectacular renaissance over the past fifteen years, due mainly revival in tourism but also its cultural vocation. Essaouira is now the capital of a province of 500 000 inhabitants, mostly farmers. The city is linked by a process of cooperation with Saint-Malo, under the auspices of Unesco. It is also twinned with La Rochelle.

History <br> Agadir<br> is almost silent on Agadir before the twelfth century. In the second century BC. AD, the historian Polybius refers to North Africa on the Atlantic, a Cape Rhysaddir, which could have been located near Agadir, its location is still under debate. The earliest attestation map found about Agadir appears on a map of 1325: the approximate location of the current city, indicating a place called Porto Mesegina, by name of a Berber tribe already mentioned in the twelfth century, Mesguina, that is to say ksim. In late medieval times, Agadir is a town of some notoriety, the very name, Agadir el-arba, is attested for the first time in 1510 [4]. In 1505, the Portuguese, already installed on the Moroccan coast, founded a trading post and fort at the foot of the hill facing the sea, Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer (Sainte Croix du Cap Ghir), location of the district today ' hui disappeared Founti, (named after the Portuguese word which means iron fountain). Soon, the Portuguese are exposed to hostile tribes of the region. Since 1530, they were stuck in Santa Cruz. Reflux begins when Portuguese March 12, 1541 Sheriff Saâdiens esh-Sheikh Mohammed captured the fortress of Santa Cruz de Aguer. Six hundred Portuguese survivors were taken prisoner, including the governor of Guterres Monroy and his daughter Dona Meci. The captives were ransomed by monks who have come from Portugal. Dona Meci, whose husband was killed during the battle, became the wife of Muhammad al-Sheikh, but died in childbirth in 1544. The same year, Muhammad al-Sheikh is the release of Governor Guterres Monroy, he befriended [5]. The Portuguese positions acquired between 1505 and 1520 are regressing. After the loss of Agadir, the Portuguese must abandon Safi and Azemmour. Morocco is beginning to be less important for Portugal, which is shifting towards India and Brazil. After 1550, the Portuguese do more in Morocco that Mazagan, now El Jadida, Tangiers and Ceuta. In 1572, the Casbah is built atop the hill by Moulay Abdallah al-Ghalib, the successor of Mohammed Ech-Cheikh. Agadir N'Ighir is now, literally, the granary of the fortified hill tachelhit [6]. In the seventeenth century under the dynasty of Berber Tazeroualt, Agadir is a road of some importance, developing trade with Europe. Then there are no real port, but a single pier, pier called Portuguese, who survived until the late twentieth century. From Agadir depart notably sugar, wax, copper, hides and skins [7]. The Europeans brought their manufactured goods, including weapons and tissues. Under the reign of Sultan Moulay Ismail (1645-1727) and his successors, the trade with France, hitherto active partner, regress to the English and Dutchmen. The entrance to the CasbahEn 1731, a severe earthquake struck the city. In 1746 the Dutchman install a counter at the foot of the Casbah, under the authority of the Sultan, and probably involved in the restoration of the city. Above the entrance to the Casbah, one can still see the inscription hollandaise "God Vreest ende den RESHT Kooning" which means: "Fear God and honor your king." After a long period of prosperity during the reigns Sa'did and Alawite Agadir declines from 1760, because of the prominence given in the competing port of Essaouira, the Alawite sultan Sidi Mohammed ben Abdallah, who wants to punish the rebel Souss his authority. This decline lasted a century and a half. In 1789 a European traveler is a brief description of Agadir: "It is now a deserted city, there is more than a few house falling into ruins." In 1881, Sultan Moulay Hassan reopen the road to trade in order to resupply shipments that envisaged in the south. These shipments destined to reassert his authority over the tribes of Souss and oppose the plans of the English and Spanish, were held in 1882 and 1886 [8]. <br-br>In 1884, Charles de Foucauld in recognition described in Morocco's rapid transition to Agadir from the east: "I walk along the shore to Agadir Irir. The path passes below this city, halfway between her and Founti: Founti is a miserable hamlet, a few fishermen's huts; Agadir, despite his pregnant white gives it a city is, I am told a poor village depopulated and without trade [9]. " In 1911, the dispatch of a German gunboat in the harbor caused the coup d'Agadir, Agadir is suddenly appear on the world stage. Relying on a call with German companies in the valley of Souss, Germany decided on 1 July 1911 to protect its interests in Morocco and defend its claims on the country to send in the bay of Agadir , whose roads had been until 1881, closed to foreign trade, a gunboat, the Panther SMS quickly relayed by the cruiser Berlin. Very strong international reaction, particularly that of Great Britain, Germany surprise. The war threat. A Franco-German treaty was finally signed November 4, 1911, leaving a free hand to France, who will be able to establish a protectorate over Morocco. Only then will the gunboat Panther Berlin and the cruiser left the bay of Agadir. In 1913, the city (and Agadir N'Ighir Founti) has less than a thousand inhabitants. On June 15, 1913 French troops landed in Agadir. After 1920, under the French protectorate, a port is constructed and the city enjoys a first flight. Around 1930, Agadir is an important step in the Aeropostale where Saint-Exupéry and Mermoz calling.

Saturday, January 03, 2009

Sat, 03 Jan 2009 23:00:00 GMT

Sunday, June 08, 2008

Sun, 08 Jun 2008 21:41:18 GMT

Royaume du Maroc Rabat Asilah tanger Casablanca Chefchaouen

Hassan Tower, symbol of Rabat, Morocco Rabat could it pride of having more than 50 mosques in the early twentieth century, most work of Moroccan king (dynasty present). The most prestigious of them never was a place of worship: the Hassan Tower is actually the minaret never finished what should be not only the largest mosque in the world, but also the largest religious building in the world . The mosque Hassan and Hassan was therefore improperly called Hassan Tower. We know a lot of this gigantic work to start with which his name is not known origin: the name, the name of a tribe or name of the supervisor? The only certainty is the date of commencement, 1196, and the name of the initiator, Yacoub El Mansour (Almohad dynasty). He wanted to Rabat the capital of his empire, but he died three years later in 1199.	*Royaume du Maroc* Rabat
Rabat is an imperial city for less than a century but has some attractions: The Casbah of Oudaïas, the Hassan Tower or Unfinished Mosque, the Mohammed V Mausoleum, the Archaeological Museum and the necropolis of Chellah. Unfortunately, my tour did not include the visit of the unfinished mosque of Mohammed V Mausoleum built next door, and walk along the Corniche waterfront destroyed by uncontrolled building of tourist resorts.

Casablanca

The economic capital of the Kingdom has never been an imperial city.

Visit the site of the United Nations with its former colonial residence

(the residence of Marshal Lyautey whom a statue was erected there),

and especially the new and immense Hassan II Mosque.

Built from 1988 to 1993 and marking the reign of King Hassan II, the latter has the largest minaret in the world (200m).

Chefchaouen

Chefchaouen, one of the most pleasant cities of Morocco. The blue and white town rises to a detour route, with its terraced houses with tiled roofs round. With a score of mosques and shrines, the holy city of Chefchaouen breathes an atmosphere of deep serenity. After the joys resorts of Cabo Negro, it is good to stroll along its cobbled streets, meditating on a shaded plot relaxing and drinking tea in a Moorish cafe!

Located in northern Morocco about forty miles from Tangier Asilah was originally a Carthaginian

Wednesday, April 23, 2008

Wed, 23 Apr 2008 12:22:58 GMT

Laayoune was founded in 1940, after the discovery of an important aquifer.
On June 17, 1970, protesters led by Muhammad Bassiri, bring a petition to the Governor General of Spanish Sahara in Laayoune. While the demonstration was dispersed, the police tried to arrest the ringleaders.

While the demonstrators resisted, the government involves the Spanish foreign legion who shoots the crowd, killing 11. Hundreds of people were arrested within days, which Bassiri disappears in prison, presumably murdered or tortured to death.

Laayoune took advantage of the desire to organize the development of these territories [Who?].

As such, she has received numerous state investment in Morocco.

From Tarfaya, and across southern Sahara, many products are subsidized and officials have a double salary. These provisions have largely contributed to the advent of private sector executives and public. We'll see Laayoune relatively few Sahrawis dressed in traditional blue loose clothing. Note however many electronic gadgets and other consumer products in stores.

The city is organized around a large square design futuristic grouping all governments. The buildings were designed in a modern style respecting the traditional architecture Saharan Africa.

The conveyor belt bringing the phosphate Boukraa, ends at the port in Laayoune-Plage.

International Airport Laayoune - Hassan 1er connects the International Airport Mohammed V - Casablanca Nouasser airports as well as other Moroccan cities and abroad.

Boujdour (بوجدور in Arabic, formerly Cabo Bojador in Portuguese) is a town in Western Sahara, administered by Morocco, near Cape Boujdour. In 2004, the city has 36 843 inhabitants [1]. Coordinates: 26 ° 8'N 14 ° 28'W / 26,133, -14,467

Boujdour was originally a fishing village located around the lighthouse at Cape Boujdour. By 1976, this city has begun to assert an urban character, supported by population growth and its new port. Tip of the desert, Boujdour became the capital of the province. It has benefited from the program "Al Aouda and Al Wahda. The effort of the State for the province is also geared towards achieving the fishing villages. On the other hand, in 1976, a unit of desalination of seawater has been installed and research led to the discovery of groundwater in the vicinity of the city. This city has an advantage: the cornice. It is located within the city and along the coast. It is one of the most beautiful region of Laayoune - Boujdour.

The Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية) is a territory of 266 000 sq km north-west Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, while its west coast overlooking the Atlantic.

Self-Governing Territory under the United Nations, this former Spanish colony has still not found a permanent status in law, more than thirty years after the departure of the Spaniards in 1976. The Western Sahara is plagued by conflict reflects both the struggle for some Sahrawi independence and hegemonic rivalry in Morocco and Algeria in the region. Become a global issue, the Sahara issue is still blocking the construction of the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU).

The territory is claimed by both Morocco - who calls "Moroccan Sahara" - and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), founded by the Polisario Front in 1976. This is a movement whose goal is complete independence of Western Sahara, it is supported by Algeria [3].

Since the cease-fire in 1991, Morocco controls and administers about 80% of the territory while the Polisario Front controls 20% by Morocco left behind a long belt [4].

The Almoravids, a Berber dynasty who between the current nomadic Senegal, Mauritania and the current southern Morocco today. Their name means "people of ribat" which derives the word marabout.

In 1048, the Berbers Sanhaja in Western Sahara (now Mauritania) formed a coalition under the leadership of Maliki Moroccan preacher Abdullah Ibn Yassin and a local leader and founded the movement Almoravid.

They conquer and unify the tribes of Western Sahara between 1042 and 1052, and Morocco took over the current (then broke into small emirates following the fall of the empire cherifien Idrissid) and much of the peninsula Iberian (Al-Andalus). The Almoravids have its capital base and Marrakech is known as the Empire of Marrakech

When they fall, the area loses its organization. In the fifteenth century and sixteenth century, Portuguese and Spanish forts install on the coast, but were driven out after a few decades. The successors of the Almoravids will Almohades.

In the sixteenth century, Saadians open a new period of influence of Morocco on Western Sahara, resulting in multiple legal ties of allegiance between the Sultan of Morocco and some of the tribes living on the territory of Western Sahara.

In 1884, Spain began the territory under its protectorate, the takeover was confirmed by the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885. She began by establishing trading posts and military presence. The borders were not clearly defined until the Treaty between France and Spain from the early twentieth century. The local tribes fought against the colonial power with the help of Morocco. This support ended when the latter was subjected to a French protectorate in 1912. The Spanish Sahara was created from the territories of Rio de Oro and Saguia el-Hamra in 1924. It was administered separately from the territories called Spanish Morocco.

Since 1965, the UN urged Spain to decolonizing the territory and to this end undertake consultations with Morocco, in association with the enclave of Ifni. But Algeria was in open conflict with Morocco on the demarcation of their common border. In addition, Morocco and Mauritania were also conflicting territorial claims on that territory. Thus, the three neighbors of Western Sahara were not able to create a common front against Spain who continued his domination as well.

The settlement of the conflict between Algeria and Morocco and an agreement between Morocco and Mauritania allowed to unify the front anti-Spanish. Meanwhile, several local groups launched themselves into armed resistance by helping the National Liberation Army Moroccan [5] after the popular struggle against the Moroccan occupation of the Hispano-French Morocco.

In 1975, an advisory opinion of International Court of Justice confirms the existence of historical ties between the people of Western Sahara and Morocco and Mauritania all but concludes that they are not likely to prevent a referendum self-determination, by rendering inapplicable the concept of terra nullius.

A few days after this notice, Morocco organized the march Green (November 6, 1975) to mark the will of Moroccan sovereignty over this territory. This brings Spain to sign the Madrid accords with Morocco and Mauritania, November 14, 1975, to formalize the sharing of territory. Morocco scores the northern two thirds and Mauritania the southern third, Algeria and the Saharan people are not consulted. The withdrawal of Spanish troops, decided shortly before Franco's death, carried out between 1975 and 1976.

On February 27, 1976, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) was proclaimed by the Polisario Front in Bir Lehlou [6], following the departure of the last Spanish soldier of the territory. Meanwhile, the armed struggle of the Frente Polisario attack by lightning raids the Moroccan and Mauritanian forces it sees as new forces of occupation. The Battle of Amgala in 1976 between the Algerian and Moroccan troops on the territory of Western Sahara shows the active support of Algeria, the Polisario. Between late 1975 and 1976, tens of thousands of Sahrawi leave the Western Sahara to the refugee camps of Tindouf in Algeria, framed by the Polisario and Algeria.

The Morocco recovers indeed the rest of the territory in 1979, following the withdrawal of Mauritania. In the 1980s, Morocco erect a defensive wall that separates the territory into two, the eastern quarter is now [ref. necessary] under the control of the Polisario Front. A war of ambushes with the Polisario Front ended in 1991 following a cease-fire favored by the mediation of the UN, a referendum organized by the UN's final status has been repeatedly postponed .

The Western Sahara is on the list of Territories under United Nations since 1963, following a request from Morocco [7].

Since the entry into force of the cease-fire of 1991, the final status of Western Sahara remains to be determined.

Since the departure of the Spaniards, the UN argues that Western Sahara is a territory without administration. In 2002, a notice of right to Hans Corell, deputy secretary general questions of law, concludes that Morocco is not the administering power of the territory. The document S/2002/161 reads [8]: "On November 14, 1975, a Declaration of Principles on Western Sahara was signed in Madrid by Spain, Morocco and Mauritania (the Madrid Agreement). Under this declaration, the powers and responsibilities of Spain as Administering Power of territory were transferred to a temporary tripartite administration. The Madrid Agreement did not provide for transfer of sovereignty over the territory, nor did it confer upon any of the signatories the status of administering power, a status which Spain could not have unilaterally transferred. The transfer of administrative powers in Morocco and Mauritania in 1975 did not affect the status of Western Sahara as a dependent territory. "

From 2003, some UN documents describe the Morocco of "administering authority" which would give him the right to exploit natural resources of the territory, for example to allow oil concessions [9]. The SADR government is also claiming the territory's administrative power.

In a 2006 report by Kofi Annan, then Secretary General of the UN, stated that no member state of the UN recognizes Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara [10]. Twenty countries have affirmed their support for the territorial integrity of Morocco.
The Western Sahara is a major rivalry between Morocco and Algeria. The Morocco accuses it of seeking an opening into the Atlantic Ocean, while Algeria displays a willingness to curb what it called "expansionism cherifien", "serious danger" to all neighbors of east and south. The rivalry has long been maintained in the context of the Cold War, Morocco is supported by Western Europe, the United States, the Gulf monarchies and Israel [11], while Algeria was supported by the Eastern Bloc, including the USSR and Libya.

The Western Sahara is considered by Morocco as constituting its southern provinces (known as the Moroccan Sahara). This power is claimed as historical and legal in Morocco on this part of the Sahara.

Morocco rejects the conclusions of the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in 1975: according to him, the court erred in its interpretation by trying to use a Western legal framework. The historical ties of loyalty expressed by many leaders are constitutive of the Moroccan nation as membership of Western Sahara to Morocco, and there is no other historical source of sovereignty [12].

The question of Western Sahara is also a major factor of political stability in Morocco: The authorities say the attachment of territory is the subject of a national consensus, and a government that would act against this consensus would meet immediately strong hostility of the population.

Morocco claims that the Polisario is part of the Islamist movement, and some of its leaders are linked with jihadist networks. It does not officially recognize the Polisario as the representative body of the Saharawi population, and considers that it is a movement handled by Algeria, long the only party with which Morocco was ready to negotiate. After informal contacts, Morocco agreed to deal directly and officially with the Polisario in 2007.

Morocco has repeatedly denounced in all major international bodies use the Sahrawi people "Moroccan" used as a bargaining chip (NGO aid diverted, slavery in the camps) and freedom of movement virtually nil.

Despite this thousands of Sahrawi Moroccans returned to Morocco or from the Canary Islands, Spain, but most fled the camps in Tindouf and joining Morocco through the territory of Mauritania. Among them a number of senior Polisario returned denouncing a totalitarian Marxist movement time of the cold war and serious violations of human rights in these camps. The last rally, said rallying Gjeijimat small town in Western Sahara, took place in December 2007 where no less than one hundred senior Polisario returned to Morocco with their families.

In 2006, Morocco has decided to give what he considers his territory internal autonomy, and told the Royal Consultative Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS) study of the possible status of autonomy in the region. However, the Polisario and Algeria refused any solution that does not have the option of independence for the disputed territory.

The Morocco calls for broad autonomy under the sovereignty of the Alawite kingdom to resolve the conflict in Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony controlled by Rabat since 1975. The proposed autonomy for Western Sahara is a process by Rabat "modernist, democratic and credible", taking account of the political process knows that the Sharifi kingdom in recent years. This project is supported by several countries like the United States [13], France [14], Spain, Israel and most of the countries belonging to the Arab League.

Polisario's position

For the Polisario, Western Sahara is occupied territory, including the legitimate government is the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Polisario calls for right to self-determination for the Saharawi people, who will speak in a referendum. Although the UN does not recognize the SADR as a state, it considers that the Polisario is one of the parties involved in the conflict. The SADR is part of the African Union.

Algerian position

Algeria is demanding the departure of Spanish Western Sahara since the 1960s, when the territory was under their domination. After the withdrawal of Spain and annexation by Morocco and Mauritania, Algeria, having been ruled out of Madrid talks on the division of territory [ref. necessary], helps put into their claims to independence, and hosts a majority of Sahrawi refugees. It is for the implementation of UN resolutions concerning the organization of a referendum for the Saharawi people under the UN auspices. In 1976, the Algerian military was directly involved in the conflict, during confrontations Amgala, before withdrawing militarily. Algeria has continued to support diplomatically the Polisario Front, and is the tenth country to have recognized the SADR.

Its official position is that it has no territorial claims on Western Sahara, it is not involved in the conflict between SADR and the Kingdom of Morocco, and his support for the Saharawi people falls principles of aid to all peoples who struggle for the decolonization of their countries around the world.

UN position
In 1963, Western Sahara has been included in Morocco's request, the list of Territories under the United Nations, when he was still a Spanish colony. The territory has always maintained that status since. The United Nations is directly involved since 1988, when Morocco and the Polisario have agreed to hold a referendum on self-determination, to achieve a peaceful resolution. In 1991, the UN has received a cease-fire between the belligerents, according to a schedule which provided the referendum the following year. Due to continuing disagreements on the composition of voters, the referendum has not yet occurred.

In April 2007, the Security Council UN adopts new resolution (No. 1754) which commits the parties to negotiate "to reach a political solution just, lasting and mutually acceptable to allow the determination of the people of the Sahara Western [15]. These direct negotiations have been going in Manhasset in the State of New York.

On April 21, 2008, Special Envoy of the Secretary General of the United Nations, Peter van Walsum said that the independence of Western Sahara, was in his eyes, not "an achievable goal." He estimates that in the absence of "pressure on Morocco to abandon its claim of sovereignty," an "independent Western Sahara was not a realistic proposition" [16].

On April 30, 2008, the Security Council adopted UN Resolution 1813 which essentially renews the mandate of MINURSO until April 30, 2009, reiterates the fundamental principles set out in previous resolutions but also "endorsed the recommendation in the report that it is essential that the parties to show realism and a spirit of compromise to maintain the momentum in the negotiating process

For the African Union (formerly Organization of African Unity), the SADR is a member state with all its prerogatives. The OAU decision to accept the SADR as a member in 1982 led Morocco to leave the organization in 1985. Morocco remains the only African country not a member of the AU for its non-adherence to the principle of inviolability of borders inherited from colonization.

After the deadlock of the four rounds of negotiations Manhassat (United States), the Spanish news agency EFE reported that the talks "informal" between the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front began in Vienna with the greatest discretion, in the presence of the Personal Envoy of the Secretary General of the UN, Christopher Ross, Monday, August 10, 2009

The Western Sahara is bordered by Algeria on 42 km, Mauritania over 1561 km, Morocco and over 443 km.

The control areas of Morocco and the Polisario are separated by a wall of sand built by the Moroccans. The area under Moroccan control is located on the west wall, the area controlled by the Polisario in the east. The wall is over 2 000 km long and can block vehicles. It consists of a series of barriers made of two mounds of sand to 3 m high, protected by minefields and fortifications placed every five kilometers

According to the Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) of the European Commission, 155 430 Sahrawi refugees are in camps in Tindouf, Algeria [20]. The Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in feeds 90 000 [21]. The Morocco dispute these figures, and a former member of the Frente Polisario talking about 25 000 refugees [22].

The four main camps are named El Aaiun, Awserd, Smara and Dakhla, according cities of Western Sahara.

There are also refugee communities in Mauritania, the Canary Islands, mainland Spain and Cuba

Business

The main sources of income are pastoralism, fishing and extraction of phosphate, which represent over 60% of exports [24]. The reserves of phosphate from Western Sahara who are concentrated around Bou Craa are important, and according to the USGS [25], Morocco (including Western Sahara) holds the second largest proven reserves of phosphate in the world with 5 700 billion tons (China: 6 600), and the largest potential reserves, with 21 000 billion tonnes (China: 13 000). The Spaniards have also discovered deposits of iron ore [ref. necessary].

The minimal rainfall does not allow for sustainable agricultural production outside of some fruits and vegetables grown in the oases, and the bulk of food for urban populations is imported. Trade and economic activity is controlled by Morocco. Moroccan companies in the energy sector in 2001 signed contracts for oil exploration off the coast, which has angered the Polisario Front.

Transportation

The area has 6 200 km of roads, of which 1 350 km are paved, so it has a road along the Atlantic coast and is an important part of the National Highway 1 (Morocco) linking Tangier to the border with Mauritania . Other cities such as Smara and Aousserd Guelta Zemmour are served [26].

To improve the junction between two major economic centers: El Marsa, whose development is centered on the port and the city of Laayoune, regional metropolis, a major center for labor and services, highway Laayoune - El Marsa (23 km) was completed.

There is no railway in Western Sahara.

The Sahara region has ports in major cities: Dakhla, Laayoune Boujdour and [27].

The biggest conveyor belt of the world (96 km) transports the phosphate mines Boukraa the coast near Laayoune [28].

The towns of Laayoune, Dakhla and Smara have airports serving:

International Airport Laayoune - Hassan 1er
Dakhla Airport
Smara Airport

Or Ad Dakhla Dakhla (Arabic: الداخلة) is a town in Western Sahara in the extreme south of Morocco,

formerly known as Villa Cisneros in honor of Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros. This town, population 99 542 inhabitants (2008), is 650 km south of Laayoune,

she is on a narrow peninsula on the Atlantic coast, the peninsula of Rio de Oro, which extends over 40 km parallel to the coast, heading North-East South-West.

It is now one of the largest fishing ports in the Kingdom, whose population varies from one to two periods according to fisheries.

This is one of the last towns before Mauritania.

Dakhla Airport serves the city from the International Airport Mohammed V - Casablanca Nouasser at least three times a week and from other cities in Morocco and abroad.

Dakhla is a pleasant stop for all travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa. She is enjoying a cosmopolitan population and the many shops enliven the city throughout the year.

History

The settlement date of 1502, it was included in the enclaves that papal bull conceded to the Spaniards in the eastern Azores.
The place was recolonized at the request of the Spaniards, the infantry captain Emilio Bonelli Hernando in 1884. It was called Villa Cisneros.
This was a step in the line established by Pierre-Georges Latecoere in the 1920s and 1930s, between Toulouse and Saint-Louis du Senegal and then to South America to deliver mail. Many pilots of the Aéropostale did stop them, including Jean Mermoz and Antoine de Saint-Exupery or Henri Guillaumet. International bodies recognize the historical connection between the Sahrawi people and the Kingdom of Morocco.

Water Sports [edit]
Since 2003, the city welcomes windsurfers and kiters from around the world through various articles in major magazines (Surf, Wind, ...) praising the outstanding spots of the region.

Each year, the greatest windsurfers will lead them. The water remains throughout the year to a very significant temperature: 25 ° C. Surfers are then spend the three winter months. The spot Foum Labouir is well known for his perfectly straight and particularly long. According to the champions, Dakhla is the most beautiful spot in the world just after Hawaii.

There are currently 5 schools watersports hosting an annual total of 3 000 sports tourists.

The other sport is Dakhla fishing surf casting, that is to say the edge. It is not uncommon to fish for croaker over 45 kg. Devotees prefer night fishing.

A festival that honors the sea and the desert in March.

The region every winter thousands of camper owners throughout Europe.

These retirees say they enjoy the mild climate and breathtaking scenery of the marriage of sea and desert.

The city is located about thirty kilometers north of the Tropic of Cancer, like Havana,

Canton or Hawaii.

The city is growing much in tourism, thanks to the emergence of European luxury hotels.

Dakhla: Location

Located in southern Morocco, near Oued Eddahab Lagouira is bounded on the north by the province of Boujdour, south and east and by Mauritania on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

It covers an area of about 142,865 km2 slightly prÃ ¨ s 20% of the country.

The location of Dakhla coupled
configuration Bay Oued Eddahab (known for his spot slides Â "Â PK25) to endless

beaches with fine sand grain size, a temperate climate year-round between (17A ° and 28Â °) This region

offers an exceptional micro-climate and promoting its tourism potential.

Monday, April 21, 2008

Mon, 21 Apr 2008 16:11:58 GMT

Located in northern Morocco about forty miles from Tangier Asilah was originally a Carthaginian

Asilah

Located in northern Morocco

about forty miles from Tangier

Asilah was originally a Carthaginian city

then Roman. In 1471

it underwent a major invasion

which marked its history

nearly 500 ships and 30,000 Portuguese soldiers venirent conquer,

for it finally to become their strategic trading post

and important. Asilah was built in XV century

by the Portuguese, then fell to the Spaniards, until its liberation in 1589

by Sultan Ahmed El Mansour Saâdiens. Later,

the Spaniards had taken possession again,

and it was this time released by Moulay Ismail in 1691.

Its bombing by the Austrian army in 1829

led to the installation and implementation

of a Spanish protectorate until 1956.

Tanger

Dove resting on the shoulder of Africa, Tangier has long been coveted for its strategic position. Since the founding of Tingis the fourth century BC, Carthaginians, Romans, Phoenicians, Vandals, Spaniards, Portuguese and English will be the disputed jealously. No African city that is closest to Europe, no East, which is most dear to the hearts of Artisitique European and American painters, musicians or writers.
Delacroix, Saint-Saens, Pierre Loti, Matisse, Van Dongen, Tenessee Williams, Paul Morand, Jean Genet, Joseph Kessel, William Burroughs and Paul Bowles, to name a few, have lived in Tangier.